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2024-01-19T20:25:35Z

Toryvincent: /* National & Multi-State Topics */

== Welcome to WFG-kipedia! ==
WFG's underwriting, searching and closing quick reference.

You can log in with the little person icon at the top right.

----

WFG-kipedia is a work in progress. Each state has its own little variations and different rules and we're attempting to compile those into both a quick reference and a more detailed reference here. We know it it not complete and on some points contains inaccuracies. For that reason, its use is limited to WFG employees. While we hope it will eventually improve to the point that it can become a valuable resource for our agents, but it's not there yet. So please don't share your access credentials, and any use by persons who are not employees of WFG is strictly forbidden.

In the meantime, this works very much like "Wikipedia" -- if you know the right answer to something that is missing, add it. If you have discovered some unusual practice, law or rule in a state and think your co-workers would benefit from knowing it, please take a minute to add it. This system does track all changes, and you do need to be logged in to make changes. (the little person figure in the upper right).

Thanks for helping us make this another valuable WFG resource!

----

==States==

<table class=MsoTableGrid border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Alabama]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Alaska]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Arizona]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Arkansas]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[California]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Colorado]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Connecticut]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Delaware]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Florida]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Georgia]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Hawaii]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Idaho]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Illinois]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Indiana]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Iowa]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Kansas]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Kentucky]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Louisiana]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Maine]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Maryland]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Massachusetts]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Michigan]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Minnesota]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Mississippi]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Missouri]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Montana]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Nebraska]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Nevada]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[New Hampshire]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[New Jersey]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[New Mexico]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[New York]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[North Carolina]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[North Dakota]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Ohio]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Oklahoma]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Oregon]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Pennsylvania]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Rhode Island]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[South Carolina]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[South Dakota]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Tennessee]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Texas]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Utah]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Vermont]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Virginia]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Washington]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[West Virginia]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Wisconsin]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Wyoming]]
</td>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[Washington DC]]
</td>
</tr>
<td width=213 valign=top style='width:159.6pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
[[US Virgin Islands]]
</td>
</table>

==National & Multi-State Topics ==

*[[Affidavit Practice]]

*[[Bankruptcy]]

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/51/Bush_Nielsen_Title_and_Escrow_Claims_Guide_2020_Edition.pdf Bush Neilsen Title & Escrow Claims Guide 2020]

*[[Closing Protection Letter Litigation]]

*[[Covenants of Title]]

*[[Church Property]]

*[[Cyber-Theft Libel/Slander Tortious Interference]]

*[[Delaware Statutory Trust]]

*[[Divorce and out of state Property]]

*[[Doing Business Requirements]]

*[[Due on Sale Clauses]]

*[[Federal Forfeiture]]

*[[Federal Tax Liens]]

*[[FinCEN Geographic Targeting Orders]]

*[[Foreclosing other Federal Liens]]

*[[Foreclosure Moratoria COVID]]

*[[FIRPTA]]

*[[Generic Probate]]

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/7/73/Baker_McKenzie_Global-corporate-real-estate-guide-2023.pdf Global Real Estate Guide - Baker McKenzie]

*[[Good Funds]]

*[[Indian Lands]]

*[[Integrated Mortgage Disclosure]]

*[[International Notary]]

*[[LIBOR to SOFR Conversions]]

*[[Medicaid Liens]]

*[[Military Powers of Attorney]]

*[[Multi-State Comparisons]]

*[[Mutual Indemnification Agreements]]

*[[PACA]]

*[[Privacy Laws -- GLB]]

*[[Railroad Issues]]

*[[REAL ID Act]]

*[[RESPA]]

*[[Rights of First Refusal, Rights of First Offer]]

*[[Series LLC]]

*[[Service Members' Civil Relief Act]]

*[[Shari'ah Loans]]

*[[Short Form Considerations]]

*[[Specially Designated Nationals & Other Searches]]

* [[Tenancies]]

* [https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/5d/Title_Insurance_Law_Part_1_of_2.docx Title Insurance Treatise 1]

* [https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/b5/Title_Insurance_Law_Part_2_of_2.docx Title Insurance Treatise 2]

*[http://www.ncsl.org/research/fiscal-policy/real-estate-transfer-taxes.aspx Transfer Taxes]

*[[WFG TRID Resources]]

*[[UCC]]

*[[Underwriting Research]]

*[[Veterans Administration (VA) Loans]]

*[[8.1 Exceptions]]

 

==Forms==

*[[State Deed & Recording Forms]]

*[[Affidavit and Curative Forms]]

==Multi-State Summaries==

Validated Summaries
*[[Multi-State_CPL_States_Rates_and_Forms]]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/1d/Trustee_Requirements_in_each_State.xls Deed of Trust Trustee Requirements]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/c/c0/State_Statutes_Allowing_a_Bankruptcy_Discharge_as_a_Lien_Release.docx State laws releasing lien after BK Discharge]
*[[Mobile Homes - Conversion to Real Property]]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/7/71/WFG_Good_Funds_By_State_Matrix_4-28-17.xlsx Good Funds by State]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/7/7f/Escheat_summary_04-17-2017.xlsx Escheat Summary]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/2/23/50_state_search_requirements_Final.xlsx Search Requirements]
*[[Marketable Record Title Acts]]
*[[Mechanics Liens]]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/1a/WFG_State-By-State_Licensing_Requirements_%282019-06-03%29.xls State Licensing Requirements 6-3-2019]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/a/ab/ACTEC_Transfer_on_Death_Deeds_Survey.pdf ACTEC Transfer on Death Deed Survey]

*[[Dual CPLs]]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/16/50_State_JV_Analysis_Marx.xlsx50 State JV Analysis - Marx Sterbcow]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/be/Diane%27s_Working_Spread_Sheet_%28WFG_NEW_JV%29_09-08-2022.xlsx Obtaining State Licenses]

These materials have been pulled from other sources but not verified. They may or may not be current or reliable.

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/5e/2020_Attorney_State_Breakdown.pdf 2020 Attorney State Breakdown - Oct. Research]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/e9/StateLaws-on-GiftingRebating-and-Inducements2.pdf Inducements and Rebates]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/55/50_State_Survey_of_Mechanics_Lien_Rights.pdf Mechanics Liens]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/6/69/5o_State_Probate_ACTEC.pdf Probate]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/7/77/50_state_recording_requirements_Lenders_Title_Services.pdf Recording Requirements]
*Spousal Signatures
**[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/9/97/50_State_Spousal_SIgnatures.xlsx Spousal Signatures]
**[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/b0/State_by_state_guidelines1_for_spousal_signature.xlsx Spousal Signatures]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/4/44/The_Ultimate_Real_Estate_Compliance_Manual.pdf The Ultimate Real Estate Compliance Manual]
*Usury Laws
**[https://www.cuna.org/uploadedFiles/Advocacy/Priorities/State_Government_Affairs/a-z_usury_lawguide.pdf State Usury Guide]
**[https://www.upcounsel.com/lectl-state-interest-rates-and-usury-limits UpCounsel Usury Guide]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/3/3e/FNAS_Survey_Requirements_4.11.17.pdf Survey Requirements]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/8/8c/50_state_wet-dry_funding_good_funds.pdf Table Funding Practices]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/index.php/File:50_state_survey_of_T_by_Entireties.pdf Tenancy By Entireties]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/f/f2/50_state_UPL_summary.docx UPL]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/skins/common/images/icons/fileicon-pdf.png Stewart State Laws and Customs]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/f/f8/Chicago_Title_50_state_law_and_customs.pdf Chicago Real Estate Laws and Customs by State]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/ee/NCS_All_States_Practices_2021.pdf First Am Guide to Customs by State]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/14/50_State_Reference_Land_Am.xls Land Am 50 State Reference]

==Underwriter Resources==

*[[Athas Capital -- refusing WFG]]

*[[Bulletin Forms and Processes]]

*[[Cautionary Notices Forms and Processes]]

*[[Commercial & Reinsurance]]

**[[Marketing Materials]]

**[[Facultative Reinsurance Requests]]

*[[Computer References]]

*[[Educational Course Materials]]

*[[Endorsement Information]]

*[https://www.fanniemae.com/multifamily/guide Fannie Mae Multifamily Guide]

*[https://www.fanniemae.com/content/guide/sel070319.pdf Fannie Mae Single Family Selling Guide 7/3/19]

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/b4/Sfh_hb_4000_1_redline_10_26_21.pdf HUD FHA Single Family Housing Policy Handbook 10-26-2021]

*[https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/administration/hudclips/handbooks/hsgh/4235.1 HUD Home Equity Conversion Mortgages Handbook (4235.1)]

*[[Indem & MIA Forms & Processes]]

*[[Legal Department Goals]]

*[[Lender Response Materials]]

*[[NTS Contacts & Escalation]]

*[[Privacy Policy]]

*[[SDN Hits - OFAC]]

*[[WFG Powerpoint Templates 2018]]

*[[Underwriter Information]]

* Consult the [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

==WFG Company Information==

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/c/c0/ORG_CHART_WFG_FAMILY_with_FEINs_%28all_entities%29_7-26-23.pdf Williston Org Chart 7-26-2023]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/9/9a/ORG_CHART_-_WFG_FAMILY_%28no_Homer_or_SPEs%29_3-01-23.pdf Williston Org Chart 3-01-2023]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/index.php/File:ORG_CHART_-_WFG_FAMILY_10-01-20.pdf Williston Org Chart 10-1-2020]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/6/6e/Williston_Org_Chart.pdf Williston Org Chart 12-11-2017]

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/d/de/Agency_Operations_Org_Chart_9.21.22.pdf Agency Operations Org Chart 9.21.22]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/8/8b/Agency_Operations_Summary_9.22.2022.pdf Agency Operations Summary 9.22.22]

===Form 9 Annual Reports===

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/53/WFGNTIC.Form9.AS.2015.pdf 2015 Form 9 Annual Statement]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/1f/WFGNTIC_51152_2016_Form_9.pdf 2016 Form 9 Annual Statement]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/a/ac/WFGNTIC.Form9.AS.2017.pdf 2017 Form 9 Annual Statement]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/8/83/WFGNTIC.Form9.AS.2018.pdf 2018 Form 9 Annual Statement]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/e5/WFGNTIC.Form9.AS.2019.final.pdf 2019 Form 9 Annual Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/5b/WFGNTIC.Q1.2020._Form9_-_Final.pdf 1Q 2020 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/3/32/WFGNTIC.Q2.2020.Form9_-_Final.pdf 2Q 2020 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/f/fb/WFGNTIC.Q3.2020.Form9_-_Final.pdf 3Q 2020 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/index.php/File:WFGNTIC.AS.2020.Form9_-_Final.pdf 2020 Form 9 Annual Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/e1/WFGNTIC.Q1.2021.Form9_-_Final.pdf 1Q 2021 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/d/d2/WFGNTIC.Q2.2021.Form9-Final.pdf 2Q 2021 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/d/d7/WFGNTIC.Q3.2021.Form9-Final.pdf 3Q 2021 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/2/29/WFGNTIC.AS.2021.Form9-Final.pdf 2021 Form 9 Annual Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/a/a7/WFGNTIC.Q1.2022.Form9-Final.pdf 1Q 2022 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/9/96/WFGNTIC.Q2.2022.Form9-Final.pdf 2Q 2022 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/d/d5/WFGNTIC.Q3.2022.Form9-Final.pdf 3Q 2022 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/6/6a/WFGNTIC.AS.2022.Form9-Final.pdf 2022 Form 9 Annual Statement]
**
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/d/d4/WFGNTIC.Q2.2023.Form9-Final.pdf 2Q 2023 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/9/96/WFGNTIC.Q3.2023.Form9-Final.pdf 3Q 2023 Form 9 Quarterly Statement]

===State of the Company Report ===

*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/b7/WFG-State-of-the-Company-2022-Q3-final-1.pdf State of the Company 3Q 2022]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/index.php/File:WFG-State-of-the-Company-Q2-2021-final-1.pdf State of the Company 2Q 2021]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/0/00/WFG-State-of-Co-Q1-2019.pdf State of the Company 2019]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/WFG-State-of-the-Company-Report.pdf State of the Company 2018]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/WFG-State-of-Co-July-2017.pdf State of the Company 2017]

File:Title Insurance Law Part 2 of 2.docx

2024-01-19T20:14:38Z

Toryvincent:

File:Title Insurance Law Part 1 of 2.docx

2024-01-19T20:12:50Z

Toryvincent:

Mutual Indemnification Agreements

2023-10-26T17:11:58Z

Toryvincent: /* States with Treaties */

===What is a "Treaty"===

A handful of states have Mutual Indemnification Agreement (sometimes referred to as a “Treaty”), to which WFG National Title Insurance Co. is a party. These are a standing offer of indemnification given by each insurer who is party to the Treaty to every other party to the agreement. Each offers to protect the other party from loss or damage resulting from certain, very specific, usually narrow, types of title defects which may have been missed or not cured at the time the prior insurer insured a transaction. Coverage under a Treaty is never available if the prior insurer took a proper exception for the matter in their policy.

===What Can a Treaty Resolve===

Reliance on a Treaty is sometimes a solution to allow a current transaction to close without curing an underlying title defect. It does not “Fix” or “Cure” the underlying problem, so, depending on the issue, this “solution” may not be beneficial or acceptable to your customer, nor does reliance on a treaty necessarily protect a WFG agent from possible claims by their customer.

Because this is an extension of the liability of the prior insurer, the categories covered are generally narrow, including things like mortgages not satisfied of record, or not satisfied by the record holder of the mortgage (HELOCS are often excluded from the Treaty); inability to confirm authority of corporate officers and those operating under powers of attorney from record sources; whether all formalities were followed and due process given in foreclosures or other title litigation; lack of witnesses and acknowledgement defects (in states where these are cured by statute with the passage of time) and other title defects.

===What to Check when Relying on a Treaty===

In issuing a WFG policy, WFG agents (and in the West, our direct operations) are authorized to rely on any applicable Treaties without the need for specific approval by the Underwriting Department, upon confirming:

*Both WFG and the insurer that issued the prior policy are parties to the Treaty. (not all underwriters are parties to every treaty)
*The property to be insured is within the state covered by the Treaty.
*You have possession of (and keep in your files) a copy of the title policy insuring the current owner in some prior transaction, confirm that policy was issued after the defect in question was placed of record, and that the prior policy took no exception for that defect.
*The agent has confirmed that the defect in question is covered by the Treaty, does not exceed any dollar limits and that there is strict compliance with all of the Treaty’s requirements, conditions, and limitations.
*So that there is no question later about whether the defect was known and disclosed to the customer, and so WFG is on notice of potential recoveries under a Treaty, language similar to the following should be included in any WFG commitment and policy issued in reliance on the Treaty:

<blockquote>Note:
The title search revealed [describe the defect including any recording information]. No exception to coverage is being taken for this matter based on the indemnities provided in [________________Mutual Indemnification Agreement] and Title policy #XXXXX issued by [Company]. </blockquote>

*A copy of the prior company’s policy should be attached to the WFG policy when the WFG policies are submitted.

===Caution===

Treaties are highly technical, with lots of provisos and conditions. If you read it wrong, or don’t fully understand it – you as the agent may be taking on significant liability. In relying on a Treaty, you are insuring over a known title defect, and if the treaty doesn’t apply, you may be doing so without any protection from the prior insurer (and perhaps even releasing the prior insurer from liability); so if you have questions about the applicability of a treaty to a specific transaction, please contact the WFG underwriter in the state for your property.

The following Title Insurance Companies are now defunct and their policies may no longer be relied upon under any MIA:
* '''Guaranty Title and Trust Company'''
* '''Law Title Insurance Company'''
* '''National Attorneys’ Title Assurance Fund, Inc.'''
* '''New Jersey Title Insurance Company''' (signatory on NY and NJ MIA)
* '''Southern Title Insurance Company''' (signatory on GA MIA)
* '''Washington Title Insurance Company''' (signatory on NY MIA)

===States with Treaties===

WFG is currently party to Treaties in
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/e8/AL_MIA_w_WFG.pdf Alabama]
**Note: WFG joined the Alabama MIA as Atlantic Title Insurance Company in 2002, and rejoined as WFG in 2020
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/f/fc/Arkansas_Indemnity_AGreement_Combined.pdf Arkansas]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/5a/Florida_Fourth_Revised_Treaty_2016_Final.docx Florida]
**[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/ef/FL_3rd_Rev-MIA_%28dted_11-2011%29_DND.pdf Florida pre-2016 MIA]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/2/2d/GA_MIA_Combined.pdf Georgia]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/c/cc/IN_Mutual_Indemnification_Agreement_2018.pdf Indiana]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/12/IL_Intercompany_indemnity_fully_executed.pdf Illinois]
**[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/8/8d/Letter_from_First_American_Title.pdf Change of Notification Address for First American]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/13/MD_Mutual_Indemnity_Agreement_April_1%2C2020.pdf Maryland]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/7/7c/MI_Mutual_Indem_Agreement_March_2022.pdf Michigan]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/a/a3/MS_MIA_Combined.pdf Mississippi]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/b8/NJ_Indemnification_Agreement_Combined.pdf New Jersey]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/57/NY_Second_Amended_and_Restated_MIA_Combined.pdf New York]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/14/SC_Mutual_Indemnity_Agreement.pdf South Carolina]
*[[Tennessee MIA]]
*[[Texas - Multiple Agreements]]
*[[Virginia MIA]]

WFG has elected not to join the Mutual Indemnification Agreement in North Carolina.

File:MI Mutual Indem Agreement March 2022.pdf

2023-10-26T16:57:18Z

Toryvincent:

Mutual Indemnification Agreements

2022-12-05T19:22:42Z

Toryvincent: /* States with Treaties */

===What is a "Treaty"===

A handful of states have Mutual Indemnification Agreement (sometimes referred to as a “Treaty”), to which WFG National Title Insurance Co. is a party. These are a standing offer of indemnification given by each insurer who is party to the Treaty to every other party to the agreement. Each offers to protect the other party from loss or damage resulting from certain, very specific, usually narrow, types of title defects which may have been missed or not cured at the time the prior insurer insured a transaction. Coverage under a Treaty is never available if the prior insurer took a proper exception for the matter in their policy.

===What Can a Treaty Resolve===

Reliance on a Treaty is sometimes a solution to allow a current transaction to close without curing an underlying title defect. It does not “Fix” or “Cure” the underlying problem, so, depending on the issue, this “solution” may not be beneficial or acceptable to your customer, nor does reliance on a treaty necessarily protect a WFG agent from possible claims by their customer.

Because this is an extension of the liability of the prior insurer, the categories covered are generally narrow, including things like mortgages not satisfied of record, or not satisfied by the record holder of the mortgage (HELOCS are often excluded from the Treaty); inability to confirm authority of corporate officers and those operating under powers of attorney from record sources; whether all formalities were followed and due process given in foreclosures or other title litigation; lack of witnesses and acknowledgement defects (in states where these are cured by statute with the passage of time) and other title defects.

===What to Check when Relying on a Treaty===

In issuing a WFG policy, WFG agents (and in the West, our direct operations) are authorized to rely on any applicable Treaties without the need for specific approval by the Underwriting Department, upon confirming:

*Both WFG and the insurer that issued the prior policy are parties to the Treaty. (not all underwriters are parties to every treaty)
*The property to be insured is within the state covered by the Treaty.
*You have possession of (and keep in your files) a copy of the title policy insuring the current owner in some prior transaction, confirm that policy was issued after the defect in question was placed of record, and that the prior policy took no exception for that defect.
*The agent has confirmed that the defect in question is covered by the Treaty, does not exceed any dollar limits and that there is strict compliance with all of the Treaty’s requirements, conditions, and limitations.
*So that there is no question later about whether the defect was known and disclosed to the customer, and so WFG is on notice of potential recoveries under a Treaty, language similar to the following should be included in any WFG commitment and policy issued in reliance on the Treaty:

<blockquote>Note:
The title search revealed [describe the defect including any recording information]. No exception to coverage is being taken for this matter based on the indemnities provided in [________________Mutual Indemnification Agreement] and Title policy #XXXXX issued by [Company]. </blockquote>

*A copy of the prior company’s policy should be attached to the WFG policy when the WFG policies are submitted.

===Caution===

Treaties are highly technical, with lots of provisos and conditions. If you read it wrong, or don’t fully understand it – you as the agent may be taking on significant liability. In relying on a Treaty, you are insuring over a known title defect, and if the treaty doesn’t apply, you may be doing so without any protection from the prior insurer (and perhaps even releasing the prior insurer from liability); so if you have questions about the applicability of a treaty to a specific transaction, please contact the WFG underwriter in the state for your property.

The following Title Insurance Companies are now defunct and their policies may no longer be relied upon under any MIA:
* '''Guaranty Title and Trust Company'''
* '''Law Title Insurance Company'''
* '''National Attorneys’ Title Assurance Fund, Inc.'''
* '''New Jersey Title Insurance Company''' (signatory on NY and NJ MIA)
* '''Southern Title Insurance Company''' (signatory on GA MIA)
* '''Washington Title Insurance Company''' (signatory on NY MIA)

===States with Treaties===

WFG is currently party to Treaties in
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/e8/AL_MIA_w_WFG.pdf Alabama]
**Note: WFG joined the Alabama MIA as Atlantic Title Insurance Company in 2002, and rejoined as WFG in 2020
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/f/fc/Arkansas_Indemnity_AGreement_Combined.pdf Arkansas]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/5a/Florida_Fourth_Revised_Treaty_2016_Final.docx Florida]
**[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/e/ef/FL_3rd_Rev-MIA_%28dted_11-2011%29_DND.pdf Florida pre-2016 MIA]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/2/2d/GA_MIA_Combined.pdf Georgia]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/c/cc/IN_Mutual_Indemnification_Agreement_2018.pdf Indiana]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/12/IL_Intercompany_indemnity_fully_executed.pdf Illinois]
**[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/8/8d/Letter_from_First_American_Title.pdf Change of Notification Address for First American]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/13/MD_Mutual_Indemnity_Agreement_April_1%2C2020.pdf Maryland]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/a/af/Michigan_Mutual_Indemnification_Agreement_rev_03-03-22.pdf Michigan Mutual Indemnification Agreement rev 3-3-22]
*[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/b4/MI_MIA-All_Signatures_except_First_American.pdf Michigan Mutual Indemnification Agreement - All Signatures Except First American]
**[https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/6/6a/OLD Michigan_Mutual_Indemnity_Agreement-_Updated_2019.pdf Michigan]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/a/a3/MS_MIA_Combined.pdf Mississippi]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/b/b8/NJ_Indemnification_Agreement_Combined.pdf New Jersey]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/57/NY_Second_Amended_and_Restated_MIA_Combined.pdf New York]
*[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/1/14/SC_Mutual_Indemnity_Agreement.pdf South Carolina]
*[[Tennessee MIA]]
*[[Texas - Multiple Agreements]]
*[[Virginia MIA]]

WFG has elected not to join the Mutual Indemnification Agreement in North Carolina.

File:MI MIA-All Signatures except First American.pdf

2022-12-05T19:17:17Z

Toryvincent:

WI Underwriting Summary

2022-11-28T20:45:11Z

Toryvincent:

==Wisconsin A to Z Underwriting Guide==

https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/5/58/WI_A_to_Z_Final_-_8.15.22._update_11.22.22.pdf

==Search/Exam==
*Minimum Search Requirements -- No mandated state minimum search period. Marketable Title Act (Wis. Stat. Sec. 893.33) 40 years for easements and covenants, 30 years for other interests.
*Plant or other search restrictions -- No
*Additional Requirements for REO Searches -- N/A
*Foreclosure Checklist -- N/A
*Special Searches Required (Code, HOA, Utilities)? -- N/A
*Survey Requirements -- Owners – Yes; Loan – No

==UPL==
Attorney involvement may be needed to the extent that drafting of documents is treated as the unauthorized practice of law. Wisconsin Statutes Section 757.30.
==Vesting==
==Witness Requirements==
None required
==Mortgage/Transfer Tax==

*No Mortgage Tax
*Transfer fee at the rate of 30 cents for each $100 of value or fraction See Wis. Stat. Sec. 77.22 et seq.
==Spousal Joinder Requirements/Homestead==

Spousal Joinder is required on refinance and sale of homestead property. Exception joinder of non-titled spouse not required for Purchase Money Mortgage. Wisc. Stat. 706.02(1)(f)

==Power Of Attorney==
==Construction Liens==
==Foreclosure Review==
==Instrument Requirements==
==Who May Serve As Trustee On Deed Of Trust==
Wisconsin uses a mortgage as its customary form of security instrument.
==Time Limitations==
*US Judgment Liens -- 20 years
*State Court Judgment Liens -- 10 years
*Federal Tax Liens -- 10 years (+ 30 days)
*State Tax Liens -- Never expire
*Estate Tax Lien -- 10 years
*State Inheritance Tax Liens --
*Mechanics Liens -- 2 years
*Financing Statements -- 5 years
*Mortgages --
*HOA Liens -- 3 years
*Condominium assessments --
*Child Support Liens –

==Odd Stuff==
* Form filing is file and use (Wis. Stat. Sec. 631.20 ). Rate filing is use and file (Wis. Stat. Sec. 625.13).
*Usury coverage is available: (i) if the loan is made to a corporation or limited liability company; (ii) if the interest rate of the loan is 12% or less; or (iii) if the principal indebtedness of a loan exceeds $150,000.00 and is not secured by a 1-4 family dwelling in which the borrower resides (Wis. Statute Sec. 138.05).

File:WI A to Z Final - 8.15.22. update 11.22.22.pdf

2022-11-28T20:44:08Z

Toryvincent:

MN Underwriting Summary

2022-11-28T20:43:20Z

Toryvincent:

==MN A to Z Underwriting Guide==

https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/0/08/MN_A_to_Z_Final_11.22.22.pdf

==Search/Exam==

==UPL==

==Vesting==
Tenancy in Common and Joint Tenancy Only.

Transfer to two or more parties is presumed to be tenancy in common Minn Stat [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/500.19 500.19] subd 2

Tenancy by the Entirety is no longer recognized in Minnesota

The language “as joint tenants” is sufficient to create a survivorship right in Minnesota. It is not necessary spell out “with right of survivorship” there the way it is any many states.

Minnesota has by statute deviated from the common law and allows the creation of a joint tenancy without satisfying the common law unities of unity of time, title, interest, and possession. Minn Stat [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/500.19 500.19] subd 3.

Divorce or recorded notice of severance may terminate the Joint Tenancy.

==Property Tax ==

==Mortgage/Transfer Tax==

==Spousal Joinder Requirements/Homestead==
No conveyance of homestead property is valid without the joinder of the non-titled spouse. Minn Stat. [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/507.02 507.02]
==Power Of Attorney==

==Construction Liens==

==Foreclosure Review==

==Instrument Requirements ==
RON
REMOTE ONLINE NOTARIZATION AUTHORIZATION
Effective January 1, 2019, the Minnesota Legislature enacted remote online notarization pursuant to Minnesota Statutes 358 and 359, allowing a notary public who is physically located in this state to perform a remote online notarial act as defined in Minnesota Statutes 358.645.

Remote Online Notarization Authorization Registration
To apply for Remote Online Notarization Authorization, applicants must be currently registered as an active Minnesota Notary, must have filed the notary public commission in the county where they live, must be in possession of proof of filing (receipt or copy) and be able to produce that proof upon request. If you have not filed with your resident county, you will need to comply with Minnesota Statutes section 359.061, Subd. 1 and 357.021, Subd. 2 (12) before applying for remote online notarization authorization.

A remote online notary public must be physically located in this state to perform a remote online notarial act pursuant to Minnesota Statutes 358.645, Subd. 3 (a).

Before a notary performs a remote online notarization, the notary public must register with the Secretary of State according to Minnesota Statutes 359.01, Subd. 5 and must certify that the notary intends to use communication technology that conforms to Minnesota Statutes 358.645, Subd. 2.

==Who May Serve As Trustee On Deed Of Trust==

==Time Limitations==
*US Judgment Liens 20 years, renewable for 20 years
*State Court Judgment Liens
*Federal Tax Liens 10 years (+30 days); can be refiled
*State Tax Liens
*Estate Tax Lien Federal 10 years
*State Inheritance Tax Liens
*Mechanics Liens
*Financing Statements 5 years
*Mortgages
*HOA Liens
*Condominium assessments

==Odd Stuff==

==Probate==

File:MN A to Z Final 11.22.22.pdf

2022-11-28T20:41:27Z

Toryvincent:

MI Underwriting Summary

2022-11-28T20:40:15Z

Toryvincent:

==MI A to Z Underwriting Guide==
https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/9/90/MI_A_to_Z_Final_8.3.22_Format_Update_11.22.22.pdf

==Search/Exam==
*Minimum Search Requirements -- No Statute. Marketable Title Act – 40 years
*Search Standards
*Plant or other search restrictions -- No

*Foreclosure Checklist --
WARNING – property tax issues -
*Survey Requirements -- No

==UPL==
Attorney involvement is not required for title searches or issuance of policies. However, an attorney must draft “non-form” instruments if the seller is unwilling to act as drafter.
==Vesting==

The following tenancy types are recognized:
* Individual
* Tenancy by the entireties
* Joint tenancy
* Joint tenancy with right of survivorship
* Tenancy in common (default)
* Life estate
* Enhanced life estate (Lady Bird).

Acceptable instruments for transferring ownership on real property: Warranty Deed (either General or Special) however other forms of deeds exist, such as: Covenant Deeds, Quit Claim Deeds, Trustee’s Deeds, Personal Representative Deeds. (Limited Warranty Deeds are prohibited by statute.)

==Witness Requirements==
No longer required.

==Property Tax ==

==Mortgage/Transfer Tax==
No Mortgage Tax. Deed transfer taxes are provided by statute and uniform across the state. The taxes are based upon the total value of the property being conveyed.
The rates are:

$7.50 per thousand for State; plus
$1.10 per thousand for County

==Spousal Joinder Requirements/Homestead==

The non-owning spouse must join in a mortgage other than a purchase money mortgage. The non-owning spouse is not required to join in a purchase money mortgage. A non-owning wife must sign on a deed to sell property to release her Dower interest, but a non-owning husband does not need to join in on a conveyance by the wife.

==Power Of Attorney==

==Construction Liens==

==Foreclosure Review==

==Instrument Requirements ==
* An unrecorded land contract may be valid between the parties, but it is not insurable. Failure to record leaves the buyer completely unprotected, even though they have equitable title in the property. The forfeiture of a land contract often requires foreclosure, and therefore, we require that either the land contract or the Memo of the land contract be recorded to evidence the insurable interest.

==Who May Serve As Trustee On Deed Of Trust==
Mortgages only. Deeds of Trust may not be recognized.

==Time Limitations==
*US Judgment Liens -- 20 years
*State Court Judgment Liens --
*Federal Tax Liens -- 10 years (+ 30 days)
*State Tax Liens --
*Estate Tax Lien -- 10 years
*State Inheritance Tax Liens --
*Mechanics Liens --
*Financing Statements --
*Mortgages --
*HOA Liens --
*Condominium assessments --
*Child Support Liens --

==Odd Stuff==
*Usury coverage through an endorsement is available. The usury statute is MCL § 438.31 et sec.
*Michigan has a dormant Oil & Gas lease law which may eliminate oil and gas (but not other mineral) interests if not of record or actively used for 20 years. Strict requirements apply [http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(o4nrmvt2uwzs342e4mw5t4pv))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=mcl-554-291 s. 554.291]. [https://connect.michbar.org/envlaw/reports/deskbook/chapter20#_Toc325551731 OGM Reference]

==Tax Sales==

In general, when a property is purchased on tax sale in Michigan via a Quit Claim deed from the county treasurer only the tax interest in the property is conveyed to the tax sale purchaser. The ownership interest in the property remains vested in the original owner.

We cannot insure a property purchased on tax sale unless the owner of the tax interest has also obtained the ownership interest, giving them fee simple title to the property.

In order for the owner of the tax interest to obtain that ownership interest (to our satisfaction to insure), we need one of two things:

1. Deed from the prior owner.
2. An Order Quieting Title to the tax sale purchaser with all parties properly noticed.

File:MI A to Z Final 8.3.22 Format Update 11.22.22.pdf

2022-11-28T20:33:37Z

Toryvincent:

SC Underwriting Summary

2021-12-10T20:09:40Z

Toryvincent: /* Foreclosure Review */

==Search/Exam==
*Search and Exam are Practice of Law. Attorney supervised search required.
*Minimum Search Requirements -- No statutory minimum, most attorneys search 40 – 60 years pursuant to [https://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/c/cf/SC_Handbook_for_Dirt_LawyersSWFG_Nation17071213210.pdf SC Bar guidance]
*Plant or other search restrictions -- No
*Additional Requirements for REO Searches -- N/A
*Foreclosure Checklist -- N/A
*Special Searches Required (Code, HOA, Utilities)? --
*Survey Requirements --
**Purchase – yes if new construction
**Refinance – no
*UPL Hot Button Issues -- Extreme caution required for SC Transactions; WFG approved attorney is Mark Keegan; closing with any other attorney requires written approval from Compliance.
* As of May 1, 2021, the South Carolina Department of Employment and Workforce iniated a statewide online tax lien registry for the filing and indexing of state tax liens. After April 30, 2021, counties will no longer receive state tax liens, satisfgactions or expungements from DEW. A search of the DEW Tax Lien Registry can be conducted at the following url: https://uitax.dew.sc.gov/LienRegistry/registry

==UPL==
South Carolina is a traditional attorney-state which defines the closing of real estate transactions as the practice of law. The SC Supreme Court has identified five functions which constitute the practice of law:
*Supervision of the title search and title examination;
*Review of closing documents;
*Supervision of the closing (Note: paralegals may not conduct closings);
*Supervision of the recording of documents;
*Supervision of the disbursement of funds.
In Matrix Financial Services Corp. v. Frazer, 394 S.C. 134; 714 S.E.2d 532 (2011) the Supreme Court held that a mortgage loan not closed by a South Carolina licensed attorney could be denied equitable relief in a foreclosure action.

[http://uww.wfgnationaltitle.com/images/0/0d/SC_Cases_and_Summary.pdf More details on SC UPL]

[https://www.sccourts.org/opinions/HTMLfiles/SC/27727.pdf This is a good explanation of how to do this correctly for National Agents]

==Vesting==
*S.C. does not recognize Tenancy by the Entirety.
*Statute recognizes JTROS. Specific creation language recognized per SC 27-7-40 "as joint tenants with rights of survivorship, and not as tenants in common"
*Also recognizes tenants in common
==Witness Requirements==
*Deeds, mortgages, and powers of attorney require two witnesses and must be notarized.
*Notary may serve as one of witnesses
*The notary may use either an acknowledgment or probate (the probate being a South Carolina method of authenticating a document whereby the witnesses attest to the validity).

==Spousal Joinder Requirements/Homestead==
*Spouses not in title not required to join in the execution of deeds or mortgages.

*South Carolina does not recognized civil unions.

==Probate==

*S.C. does not rely on Affidavits of Heirship

==Power Of Attorney==
==Construction Liens==
==Foreclosure Review==

REQUIREMENTS TO INSURE PROPERTY COMING FROM FORECLOSURE SALES (SC)

The foreclosure file must be reviewed for compliance with these matters:
1. A proper lis pendens was filed in the correct county;
2. The foreclosure action was filed in the correct county;
3. For mortgage foreclosure, verify that lis pendens filed at least 20 days prior to entry of judgment. See S.C. Code Ann. § 15-11-10 (last sentence);
4. All necessary persons (according to the title search) were made parties to the foreclosure action. Note, SCDOR and SCDEW no longer files liens in county ROD. Title search should include confirmation of no liens by searching SCDOR and SCDEW lien websites on all appropriate parties;
5. All defendants were properly served;
6. All defendants either filed an answer or an order of default was entered as to ALL non-answering parties;
7. All parties received notice of the foreclosure hearing and that a hearing was held where a Judge, Master or Special Referee was actually present;
8. A final, non-appealable order of foreclosure and sale was entered;
9. The complaint, order of foreclosure, and the judicial deed adequately describe the property;
10. The property was properly advertised for sale and a proper bid was made;
11. A Master’s or Special Referee’s deed was filed conveying the foreclosed premises;
12. A report on sales and disbursements was filed;
13. The property is vacant and/or the Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2009 is not applicable. Tenants may have rights that could potentially make the post-foreclosure bidder/owner subject to the Residential Landlord-Tenant Act, or at least provide the tenant 90 days from the foreclosure sale date to vacate the property;

Additionally, for REO properties:
14. If deficiency is requested, the 30-day additional sale period has been completed and the sale is final;
15. There has not been litigation commenced or threatened against lender by the borrower/mortgagor or anyone related to the borrower/mortgagor alleging defects in the foreclosure process; and,
16. Consider if loss in equity if HOA v. mortgage foreclosure. See Winrose Homeowners' Ass'n v. Hale, 428 S.C. 563, 837 S.E.2d 47 (2019).

Updated per Clint Yarborough 12-9-21

==Instrument Requirements==
==Who May Serve As Trustee On Deed Of Trust==
*S.C. is a mortgage state. Deeds of trust are not permitted.
==Time Limitations==
*US Judgment Liens -- 20 years, renewable for 20 years
*State Court Judgment Liens -- 10 years (unless appeal pending -- case has "active energy")
*Lis Pendens -- 5 Years
*Federal Tax Liens -- 10 years (+30 days); can be refiled
*State Tax Liens -- 10 years
*Estate Tax Lien -- Federal 10 years
*State Inheritance Tax Liens --
*Mechanics Liens -- 6 months if suit is not filed
*Financing Statements -- 5 years + 6 Months, can be renewed for additional 5 year terms
*Mortgages -- 20 years from maturity
*HOA Liens -- 10 years
*Condominium assessments --
*DSS for Child Support Liens – 6 years
*Mental Health Liens -- 10 years (may be perpetual)
Some Counties have hospital liens, environmental liens and Miscellaneous liens

Updated per Clint Yarborough 7-12-17

==Odd Stuff==
*The attorney who paid off a mortgage loan may satisfy the mortgage by affidavit if he or she has a written payoff statement from the lender and the cancelled check or proof of wire transfer for the proceeds paid to the lender.

*There is no general usury limits on non-consumer transactions. Interest on consumer credit transactions are limited by [http://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c002.php S.C. Code Ann. Section 37-2-201].